Do You Have a Gut Feeling? All About Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects about 12% of Americans, according to National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. However, only 5 to 7% of those with IBS have been diagnosed. IBS is a common chronic condition with recurrent abdominal pain, discomfort, and changes in bowel movements (constipation and/or diarrahea) thought to be caused by dysfunctional nerve conduction between the brain and gut. It occurs in the large intestine (colon) and can cause discomfort, but it does not damage your intestines the way diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can. One or more of these symptoms, however, may be enough to make you want to consider a change in your habits or lifestyle.

Common IBS Symptoms Include:

• Bloating and gas: Your belly may feel full, tight, or swollen.
• Abdominal (belly) pain or cramping: Pain is often linked to bowel movements and may feel better or worse after you go.
• Irregular bowel habits: You may have diarrhea, constipation, or switch between both (sometimes called “mixed” IBS).
• Changes in stool: Stool may be loose, hard, or look different than usual. Some people notice mucus.
• Feeling like you didn’t finish: You may feel you still need to go after a bowel movement.

Symptoms of IBS often come and go. Many people notice flare-ups during stress, after certain foods, or after an intestinal infection. Keeping track of symptoms and meals can help you spot patterns. You can try some of these measures to see if they provide relief.

• Fiber (for some people): Soluble fiber may help constipation. Add it slowly and drink water.
• Move your body: Regular physical activity can help bowel habits.
• Sleep and stress: Stress can make IBS worse, so relaxation skills, breathing exercises, or counseling may help.

If your symptoms continue or you develop warning signs such as rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, fever, anemia (low iron), vomiting, or diarrhea that wakes you up at night, it is time to see your health care professional.

How IBS is Diagnosed and Treated

There is no single “IBS test.” Doctors usually diagnose IBS by talking with you about your symptoms, reviewing your health history, and doing a physical exam. A common approach is to look for a pattern of belly pain along with changes in bowel habits that have been going on for months.

Depending on your symptoms, your primary care provider may order a few tests to rule out other problems that can look like IBS, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Tests may include blood tests, stool tests, or—based on your age and symptoms—an exam of the colon, such as a colonoscopy.

IBS treatment is based on your main symptoms (constipation, diarrhea, pain, or bloating). You may need to try more than one approach. Work with your clinician so you don’t end up taking something that makes your IBS worse.

If you think you may have IBS, do not self-diagnose—check in with your health care professional to make sure it isn’t something more serious. Once you know your IBS triggers and learn how to manage them, chances are good you can control your symptoms and get back to a normal lifestyle once again.

Schedule an appointment with your primary care physician today, or find a provider near you.